Pythagoras

Pythagoras (ca 570 BC – ca 500 BC) was certainly the most interesting of the ancient mathematicians, a philosopher for whom the Greek word charisma could almost have been invented. While he is best known for his contributions to arithmetic and geometry, he can justly be described as the founder of the science (and mathematics) of music, because of his discovery of the mathematics underlying the musical scale.   

Further Reading

Mathematics for the Liberal Arts, Kline. M. (Addison Wesley, 1967).

Heritage Mathematics, Cameron, M. (Hargreen, 1983).

History of Mathematics, Vol I, Smith, D.E. (Dover, 1958)